Open search
« Tuna 4 / 2023

A Royal Inscription of the Neo-Assyrian King Assurbanipal (Prism B)

King Assurbanipal (669–630 BCE) issued several editions of his royal inscriptions during the first three decades of his rule. The text translated and discussed in this paper – Assurbanipal 3, or the Prism B – was written ca. 649–648 BCE, when the domestic war against his older brother Šamaš-šuma-ukin, the ruler of Babylonia, was still under way. Therefore, this edition of that inscription served to strengthen nationalist sentiments among the Assyrian population during the war. This was an important task for the Assyrian state ideology because domestic wars seriously undermined the stability of the empire, which eventually collapsed in 612 BCE with the destruction of Nineveh. The inscription provides an overview of the geo-political affairs that took place during the first two decades of Assurbanipal’s reign, summarising the military campaigns against Egypt, Elam, and other rebellious vassals of the Assyrian Empire. Special attention is directed to Assyria’s prolonged conflict with the kings of Elam. The consolidation of alliances with political entities in Levant, Anatolia, and the Arabian Peninsula are described. The inscription also contains a remarkable episode of the prophecy that the goddess Ishtar delivered to the king through a dream, urging him to stay in his palace, ‘eat, drink, make music, and revere my divinity’, while the goddess promised to subdue his enemies in a military expedition. This description can be interpreted as self-justification of the king’s luxurious lifestyle in the confines of his palace. That tradition is also well articulated in numerous references by Classical authors to the immoral debauchery of the Assyrian King Sardanapal. The text was written on clay prisms with six columns and survives in its entirety in six different manuscripts. The Estonian translation of the text is accompanied by an historical introduction and explanatory notes.